Lessons from Weapons Systems: Enhancing ICS/OT Security

ICS/OT Weapons Systems Provide Valuable Lessons for ICS/OT Security

Introduction

The field of weapons systems has long been at the forefront of cybersecurity techniques and penetration testing. Now, experts in this field are showcasing how these lessons can be applied to securing industrial control systems (ICS) and other operational technology (OT). At the recent 2023 ICS Cybersecurity Conference in Atlanta, Brian Schleifer and Jon ‘McFly’ McEllroy of Modern Technology Solutions Inc. (MTSI) presented the valuable insights they have gained through their work on weapon systems cybersecurity.

Lessons from Weapons Systems

Schleifer and McEllroy emphasized that the vulnerabilities and techniques discovered in weapons systems can be applicable to other cyber-physical systems, including ICS and OT. McEllroy identified several types of issues that can impact any cyber-physical system, such as maintenance shells, poorly secured wireless connectivity, unused and outdated software, and hardcoded credentials. These vulnerabilities were uncovered during penetration testing conducted on weapon systems.

Cybersecurity Techniques and Considerations

Schleifer discussed various cybersecurity techniques applied in the weapons systems field that can also be used to secure OT. He highlighted supply chain risk management, digital engineering, system configuration, modular systems, and cyber hygiene as important considerations. These techniques aim to address issues related to securing components and systems, managing software vulnerabilities, and maintaining cyber resilience throughout the lifecycle of the system.

Supply Chain Risk Management

One key aspect of securing weapon systems is ensuring the integrity of the supply chain. Similar considerations can apply to OT security. Organizations should carefully assess their suppliers and the security measures in place to protect the components and software used in their infrastructure. Close collaboration with trusted suppliers and regular security audits can help mitigate the risk of compromised components entering the system.

Digital Engineering

Digital engineering plays a crucial role in weapons systems, and the same principles can be applied to OT security. This involves using modeling and simulation techniques to analyze and test system designs before implementation. By conducting rigorous testing and validating the system’s security measures, vulnerabilities can be identified and addressed at the design stage, reducing the potential impact of cyber threats.

System Configuration and Modular Systems

Proper system configuration is essential for both weapons systems and OT security. Organizations should follow best practices for secure system configuration, including the use of strong passwords, disabling unnecessary services, and regular patching. Additionally, employing a modular approach to system design can enhance security. By building systems with interchangeable and easily upgradable components, organizations can more effectively address vulnerabilities and adapt to emerging threats.

Cyber Hygiene

Maintaining good cyber hygiene is crucial for both weapons systems and OT security. This includes regular software updates, network monitoring, and employee training. Organizations should also implement strong access controls and regularly review and update user credentials, ensuring that only authorized individuals can access critical systems.

Editorial and Advice

The lessons learned from securing weapons systems provide valuable insights for the protection of ICS and OT infrastructure. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and reliant on technology, the security of critical infrastructure is of paramount importance. The potential impact of cyberattacks on operational technology, such as power grids or transportation systems, is immense and could have far-reaching consequences.

It is essential for organizations to adopt a proactive approach to cybersecurity, prioritizing the implementation of robust security measures and partnering with experts in the field. Regular penetration testing and vulnerability assessments can help identify and remediate weaknesses before they are exploited by malicious actors. Moreover, collaboration between government agencies and private sector organizations is crucial to staying ahead of evolving cyber threats.

However, it is equally important to strike a balance between security and innovation. While the lessons from weapons systems can inform the development of secure ICS and OT systems, it is essential not to stifle progress in these critical fields. Effective security measures should be integrated into the design and development process, rather than added as an afterthought.

In conclusion, the cybersecurity techniques and penetration testing utilized in the field of weapons systems offer valuable lessons for securing industrial control systems and operational technology. By applying these lessons, organizations can enhance the resilience of their infrastructure and better protect against cyber threats. However, this requires a proactive and collaborative approach, prioritizing security measures and maintaining a careful balance between innovation and protection.